Our partners at Science on the Fly analyze several freshwater nutrients that can indicate changes to a watershed’s ecology and health. Understanding what is in the water helps us learn more about what makes the best habitat for trout and aquatic invertebrates.

With Science on the Fly let’s go over two: Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen.

Nitrate (NO3-):

What is Nitrate?

The Nitrogen atom bonded with three Oxygen atoms. It is an essential element for the synthesis of DNA, proteins, and chlorophyll.

Where is Nitrate?

Nitrate occurs naturally as a salt and within plant and animal tissue. Human processes are increasing the amount of nitrogen present in ecosystems around the globe.

Why study Nitrate?

Nitrate stimulates excessive algae growth, creating low-oxygen conditions harmful to wildlife. It can alter the structure of plant, algae, and microorganism communities.

Ammonium Nitrogen:

What is Ammonium Nitrogen?

Depending on the pH of the water, it can occur in either its ammonia (NH3) form or its ionized ammonium form (NH4+). It is an essential element for the synthesis of DNA, proteins, and chlorophyll.

Where is Ammonium Nitrogen?

Ammonium Nitrogen occurs naturally through decomposition of organic matter by bacteria. It also occurs from fires, lightning, human and animal waste, and gas exchange with the atmosphere.

Why study Ammonium Nitrogen?

When it is ammonia at higher pH levels, it can be toxic for organisms. Poorly managed septic systems, wastewater, animal waste, and fertilizer introduce large amounts into waterways.

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